Set 4 : MEO Class 4 Ship Safety and Environmental Protection online E-Pariksha questions

1. As regulation 12 of Annex 1 of MARPOL, all ships of __________ gross tonnage and above shall be provided with a sludge tank for collection of oil residues
150 tonnes deadweight
150 gross tonnage
400 tonnes deadweight
400 gross tonnage

2. Divisions constructed of steel which can withstand a standard fire test for 30min without passage of flame or smoke are classified as____________________
B class divisions
A class divisions
A30 class divisions
B30 class divisions

3. Which of the following statements is true?
The installation of an IMO approved incinerator is mandatory on all ships
The installation of an incinerator is mandatory on all ships above 400 GRT.
The installation of an incinerator is not a mandatory requirement
The installation of incinerators is mandatory only for dry ships

4. Which of the following can leads to degradation of foam?
Exposure to excess of heat
Mixing of different grade of foam
Exposure to air.
None of the above

5. Movement of ship about an imaginary line joining aft and fore perpendicular is
Pitching
Heaving
Sway
Roll

Score =
Correct answers:

Set 3 : E pariksha questions on safety for Class 4 marine engineering exam

1. Which of the devices listed must be used in conjunction with the portable in-line foam proportioner to produce foam?
A plain or common fire hose nozzle
The mechanical foam nozzle
Any low velocity applicator
An all-purpose nozzle

2. In refrigeration system vegetable room and meat rooms are maintained at different
By putting solenoid valves
Different expansion valves
By boiling the refrigerant at different pressures
By using smaller evaporator

3. Where would you look to find out what your duties are during a fire?
Ship's articles
Station bill
Certificate of Inspection
U.S. Coast Guard Regulations

4. An oil record book Part-I shall be retained onboard for a period of:
1 year since the last entry has been made
1 year since the first entry has been made
3 years since the first entry has been made
3 years since the last entry has been made

5. Prior to entering a cargo pump room, you should ensure that
the forced ventilating system is operating
the cargo pumps are secured
no monocarbon gases are present
the oily water separator is de-energized

Score =
Correct answers:

Set 2 : E pariksha Multiple choice questions for Ship Safety and Environmental protection

1. A fuel tank on a barge has been certified by a marine chemist as being "Safe for Men" and "Safe for fire". This condition may change if:
the ambient temperature changes
a product leaks into the certified tank
muck, sludge, or scale in the tank give off additional vapors
all of the above

2. Where would you find a list of the lifesaving equipment onboard your supply boat?
Ships Article
Station Bill
Certificate of Inspetion
US coast Guard Regulation

3. The emergency generator should be capable of being started and be able to supply required load within a maximum of ________________
30 seconds
1 min
45 sec
2 mins

4. Which of the following kinds of total flooding system is most suited for very large spaces like car carrier car decks?
High pressure multi cylinder type CO2 installation
Low pressure bulk storage tank type CO2 installation
Low expansion foam systems
Fixed pressure water spraying systems

5. All entries in the Oil record Book part-I are to be:
At least in English, Spanish or national language
At least in English, Spanish or French
At least in English or Spanish
At least in English or national language

Score =
Correct answers:

Set 1: Ship Safety and Environmental Protection E-pariksha questions

1. After a person has been revived by artificial respiration, they should be
walked around until he is back to normal
given several shots of whiskey
kept lying down and warm
allowed to do as he wishes

2. To prevent oil from escaping into the sea when ballasting through the cargo piping system, you should FIRST
open sea suction valves, then start the cargo pump
start the cargo pump, then open sea suction valves
open block valves, then start the cargo pump
open sluice valves, then start the cargo pump

3. 3.Which of the following documents carried by a ship is not issued under the MARPOL convention
IOPP certificate
Oil Record Book
SOPEP
Safety Management Certificate

4. reduction system is a secondary method of reduction of which of the following kinds of emissions?
SOx
Greenhouse gases
NOX
All of the above

5. Emergency generators should be capable of being started at ambient temperature of ______________________ deg Centigrade. If lower temperatures are expected then ___________________should be provided.
zero, cold starting spray
-5, heating arrangements
Zero, heating arrangements
-5,cold starting spray

Score =
Correct answers:

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Bunker Delivery Note - Information (entries) included in the BDN as per Annex 6 of Marpol

The following information must be entered in the Bunker delivery Note (BDN) as per the Annex 6 of International Convention for the prevention of pollution from ship. The following entries must be available in the BDN

1) Name and IMO number of receiving ship
2) Port
3) Date of commencement of delivery
4) Name, address, and telephone number of marine fuel oil supplier
5) Product name(s)
6) Quantity (metric tons)
7) Density at 158C (kg/m3)*
8) Sulphur content (% m/m)

A declaration signed and certified by the fuel oil supplier’s representative that the fuel oil supplied is in conformity with the  regulation 

Oil Record Book (ORB) Part 1, Annex 1 Entries with code letter

The following are the entries in Oil Record Book, Part1 as per Annex 1. The Detailed entries are given in the "Appendix III: Form of Oil Record Book" of Annex 1 of Marpol 73/78.

Oil Record Book Part I shall be provided to every oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage and above and every ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above, other than oil tankers, to record relevant machinery space operations. For oil tankers, Oil Record Book Part II shall also be provided to record relevant cargo/ballast operations

LIST OF ITEMS TO BE RECORDED

(A) Ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks
(B) Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks referred to under section (A)
(C) Collection and disposal of oil residues (sludge)
(D) Non-automatic discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces
(E) Automatic discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces
(F) Condition of oil discharge monitoring and control system
(G) Accidental or other exceptional discharges of oil
(H) Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil
(I) Additional operational procedures and general remarks

Calculation of Indicated and Effective Engine horse power using Indicator diagram, Fuel pump Index or Turbocharger speed

I) Calculation of engine Power with Indicator diagram

For engines with indicator drive or MIP-equipment, we can take the indicator diagram which can be used to find the Mean Indicated Pressure (MIP). Dont get confused between MIP and MEP. Former is the Indicated mean pressure while MEP is the effective pressure availabel after friction losses in the shaft.
Calculation of the indicated and effective engine power consists of the following steps:

Calculate:
- The mean indicated pressure, pi
- The mean effective pressure, pe
- The cylinder constant, K
- The indicated engine power. Pi
- The effective engine power, Pe
-The mean indicated pressure, Pi

Mean Indicated Pressure, pi 

Pi (bar) =   A  
               L x Cs
A  = A is the area of the Indicator diagram measured with a Planimeter in mm^2
Cs = Spring constant of the drive in mm/bar (vertical movement of the indicator stylus (mm) for a 1 bar pressure rise in the cylinder)
L = length of the indicator' diagram (atmospheric line)

The mean effective pressure, pe

(for BMW engines)
pe = pi - kt (bar)
where
kt = the mean friction loss
The mean friction loss has proved to be practically independent of the engine load. By experience, kt has been found to be:
S26MC: kt = 1.50 bar
L35MC: kt = 1.25 bar
S35MC: kt = 1.15 bar
L42MC:kt = 1.10 bar
S42MC: kt = 1.00 bar

Cylinder Constant, K

The cylinder constant, K is determined by the dimensions of the engine, and the units in which the power is
wanted.
For power in kW :  = 1,30900 x D^2 x S
For power in BHP :  = 1,77968 x D^2 x S
where:
D (m) = cylinder diameter
S (m) =piston stroke

The indicated engine power, Pi

Pi = K x n x pi (ikW or ihp)
where
n (rpm) = engine speed.

The effective engine power, Pe

Pe = K x n x pe (kW or bhp)
where
n (rpm) = engine speed.

This effective power is used to calculate the SFOC of the engine. Click here to know how to calculate  SFOC of engine 

II) Power calculation without Indicator Diagram

The estimation is based on nomograms involving engine parameter measurements taken on testbed. the graphs are provided in the manual

1) Fuel Pump Index method

The fuel pump index is used to find out the mean effective pressure from the nomogram graph. Again form the graph, the mep at a specific speed gives the engine bhp. 

This method should only be used as a quick (rough) estimation, because the fuel oil, as well as the condition of the fuel pump, may have great effect on the index. In particular, worn fuel pumps or suction valves tend to increase the index, and will thus result in a too high power estimation. 

Chart I: draw a horizontal line from the observed fuel pump index to the nomogram curve, and then a vertical line down to the observed engine speed on Chart II. From this intersection a horizontal line is drawn to the effective engine power scale. (This method is specific for some engines. many other parameters are included to calculate the BHP in bigger engines)

This effective power is used to calculate the SFOC of the engine. Click here to know how to check the SFOC

So some factors are not included in calculating the BHP of the engine. Click here to view another example of BHP calculation using more parameters (will be updated soon).

(Graph is specific for a type of engine)

2) Turbocharger speed method

This method id more accurate than the Fuel pump index method. Chart III: draw a horizontal line from the observed tscav value and an inclined line from the observed turbocharger speed. From the intersection point, draw a vertical line down to the nomogram curve and then a horizontal line to the vertical tine from the observed ambient pressure (point x in the ambient pressure scale). Finally, a line is drawn parallel with the inclined 'ambient pressure correction' lines. The effective engine power can then be read on the scale at the right hand side, i.e. 8,000 bhp.

This effective power is used to calculate the SFOC of the engine. Click here to know how to calculate  SFOC of engine 

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SFOC Calculation of a Diesel Engine - Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (gram / bhphour)

Calculation of the specific fuel oil consumption (g/kWh, g/bhph) requires that engine power, and the consumed fuel oil amount, are known for a certain period of time.  The engine power (in bhp or KW) can be calculated from the Indicator diagram or from Fuel Pump Index method or from Turbocharger speed. The oil amount is measured for a few hours to avoid calculation mistakes. The engine parameters shoudnot be changed during this period.  Since quantity measurements will be in volume units (m3), it will be necessary to know the oil density, in order to convert to weight units (gram). The density is to correspond to the temperature at the measuring point. Density can be calculated on the basis of bunker specifications. Density at 15 deg is available in the BDN (Bunker Delivery Note). The density at required temperature can be calculated with the density correction factor equation. But normally graphs are provided in the manual to find the density at required temperature, where the change in density is shown as a function of temperature.

Density correction graph

Calculation with an example
Effective Engine Power, Po - Say 8,130 bhp (Engine power is calculated from the performance sheet. It can be calculated from the Indicator digram or with fuel pump index or turbocharger method. All methods are explained below)
Consumption, Co - 3.83 m3 over 3 hours
Measuring point temperature - 119°C
Density at 119°C - Specific gravity 0.9364 t/m^3, 3% sulphur

SFOC =  Co x D119 x 10^6
                     h x Pe

where:
Co = Fuel oil consumption over the period (m^3)
D 119 = Corrected gravity (t/m3)
h = Measuring period, hours
Pe =Brake horse power, bhp
10^6 is multiplied to convert the fuel oil unit in tonnes to gram

3.83 x 0.8684 x 10^6      =     136.4 g/bhph
      3 x 8,130

Correction of LCV of Fuel Oil

In order to be able to compare consumption measurements carried out for various types of fuel oil, allowance must be made for the differences in the lower calorific value (LCV) of the fuel concerned. Normally, on the testbed, gas oil will have been used, having a lower calorific value of approx. 42,707 kJ/kg (corresponding to 10,200 kcal/kg). If no other instructions have been given by the shipowner, it is recommended to convert to this value. Usually, the lower calorific value of a bunker oil is not specified by the oil companies. However, by means of the graph given in the manual as a function of sulphur content and density at 15 deg C,  the LCV can be determined .  The corrected consumption can then be
determined by multiplying the "measured consumption

LCV 1
42,707

 LCV1 = the specific lower calorific value, in kJ/kg, of the bunker oil concerned

OR

LCV2
10,200

LCV2 = the specific lower calorific value, in kcal/kg, of the bunker oil concerned

Calculating LCV from the graph
LCV1, = 40,700 kJ/kg, derived from the graph given in manual

Consumption corrected for calorific value:

136.4 x 40,700 = 130.0 g/bhph
    42,707

Note - The ambient conditions (blower inlet temperature and pressure and scavenge air coolant temperature) will also influence the fuel consumption. Correction for ambient conditions is not considered important when comparing service measurements.

Click here to Know how to calculate the power from Performance sheet

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Indicator Diagram and Draw Card - Information / Fault finding of Main Engine

Indicator and Draw Diagrams

The draw diagram is used for measuring the compression pressure and maximum pressure, and for evaluating the ignition characteristics of the fuel oil.

The indicator diagram (pv diagram: work diagram), illustrates the pressure variations in the engine cylinder as a function of the main piston position. The diagram area can, be integrated by means of a planimeter, and the mean indicated pressure calculated. (Used with engines fitted with indicator drive or MIP-equipmen)

Fault finding from Draw card/ Indicator diagram

Diagram 1

In diagram 1, Maximum pressure too low, but compression pressure is normal.

Fuel injection too late.

Fuel pressure too low.

Detective fuel valve(s).

Defective fuel pump suction valve.

Exceptionally poor Fuel (bad ignition properties)

Fuel pump lead too little.


Diagram 2

In diagram 2,  Maximum pressure is high, but compression pressure is normal.

Fuel Injection too early (Fuel pump lead too large)


Diagram 3

In diagram 3, Both Maximum pressure and compression pressure are low

Leakages, increased cyl. volume, or fouling.

Piston ring blew-by:

Exhaust valve seat leakage.

Piston crown burnt.

Low scavenge pressure.

fouling of exhaust and/or air system.

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